Janis Joplin Essay Essay Example

Janis Joplin Essay Essay Example Janis Joplin Essay Essay Janis Joplin Essay Essay Possibly Ralph Waldo Emerson was right and may every bit good hold referred to Janis Joplin as he was stating this citation had he lived during Joplin’s clip. With her decease at a immature age of 27. it had been a ephemeral life the musical mastermind Janis Joplin had. We may non cognize whether or non her cousins can state nil about her but her life deserves to be relived and I am here to compose about it. A expression into the context in which she lived will assist give a better apprehension of how the class of her life was influenced and came to be the manner it was. Janis Joplin is one of the most outstanding persons in the sixtiess. an epoch considered to be a revolution of kinds. Beginnings On the forenoon of January 19. 1943. Janis Lyn was born to be the eldest kid of Seth and Dorothy Joplin. It was old ages subsequently that she would hold younger siblings Michael and Laura doing them a middle-class household composition of five members. Turning up in an industrial town called Port Arthur in Texas crowded with oil refineries. chemical workss. mills. and rows of oil-storage armored combat vehicles with exhausts hanging in the air. it wasn’t the best topographic point to fulfill the brilliant and speculative small Janis as there wasn’t much room for activities and diversions. Although that was the instance. she did good in school. holding a great involvement and aptitude for reading and picture. As a kid. she already had a repute for singing as one of the soloists in their church choir. Harmonizing to one of her friends. she had been popular in Port Arthur as a gifted and cunning small miss. Janis considered her childhood as comparatively pleasant. It was merely at the age of 14. as confessed in many of her assorted interviews. that she felt like the universe turned on her. That was the clip she gained weight and had acne jobs. jobs which meant most than anything for adolescents. The eventual doomed of her expressions coincided severely with her entry to the senior high school universe where the popular misss were the 1s with good expressions and Janis merely fell behind ( Echols. 2000 ) . While at the Thomas Jefferson senior high school. Janis took rejection by bosom ( Amburn. 1993 ) . Used to holding attending on her. she started moving out and whilst she began to have attending. she even emphasized her being different. She was determined to maintain the attending on her even if it was a negative 1. She became a beatnik miss who would flash her bizarre apparels runing from above-the-knee skirts. black or violet leotardss coupled with wishing unconventional and ‘different’ broad humanistic disciplines and music. As Echols put it. â€Å"she was bent on going an eyesore. an insult to everything the townsfolk believed in. Indeed. Janis was eager to withstand as many societal conventions as she could. This made her parents unhappy- â€Å"she merely changed wholly. overnight† citing her female parent Dorothy. As an minor miss. her noncompliant attitude was excessively much that one incident happened affecting the constabulary after she took a drive with her male friends who were overage. This made her even more the subject of negotiations and chitchats around their Pleasantville of a town. She was much into music and imbibing. moving as if these two things are wedded. And this ever gets her into problem. She was frequently sent to the counselor’s office for misbehaviour and imbibing ( Echols. 2000 ) . Her parents were baffled and felt helpless. Joplin’s rebellious propensity was unwavering. she merely wanted to be different and be free to show herself. Little did they know that Janis’ rebellious actions symbolize the beginning of an inevitable societal revolution and an â€Å"emerging coevals gap† that was about to come ( Echols. 2000 ) . The fact was: it wasn’t merely Joplin ; it was traveling to be a corporate motion. The Sixties was good on its manner. The Sixties† . as it is frequently used in popular civilization by some journalists. historiographers and other academias. has seen many varied influential and transforming tendencies in civilization and political orientations which can be described as nil less than exciting. powerful. extremist and even rebellious. It was a clip when people are seeking to interrupt free from the stiff and conformist societal norms and societal restraints in hunt for single freedom ( Booker. 1970 ) . It could be said that this period of history has a great impact on Janis Joplin and farther influenced non merely her mastermind but how her full life turned out. Musical Inclination Music would finally go a passion for Joplin. Aside from singing in their local church choir. Janis developed her musical involvement farther after befriending a group of foreigners as a adolescent. She and this pack would listen and idolise Afro-american Blues creative persons such as Leadbelly whose album was the first she claimed she of all time purchased ( Echols. 2000 ) . During senior high school she continued listening to blues music and listened to other blues creative persons like Bessie Smith. Big Mama Thornton and Odetta. And even later on. she will get down singing blues and folks vocals together with some friends. copying the artists’ Eskimo dog yet soulful voices. Amburn. 1993 ) . She ever had a gut feel about her cantabile ability but it wasn’t until she imitated Odetta and performed one of her vocals which stunned her friends that she she confirmed. she so â€Å"has a voice. † Her early attempts included playing in java houses in their little town. Endowment. Notoriety and Fame In 1963. she left for San Francisco and found herself shacking in North Beach. She besides ventured to other topographic points like Venice. the Village. New York and Haight-Ashbury geting farther experiences and experimenting on her music and creativeness. It wasn’t merely a twelvemonth ago that she started taping her first vocal at a friend’s house and a twelvemonth after she would enter more vocals with her friends Jorma Kaukonen and Martha Kaukonen supplying her concomitants. An album called Typewriter tape will be released incorporating seven paths including â€Å"Long Black Train Blues. † â€Å"Nobody Knows You When You’re Down and Out. † â€Å"Typewriter Talk. † Kansas City Blues. † â€Å"Trouble In Mind. † â€Å" Hesitation Blues. † and â€Å"Daddy. Daddy. Daddy† . As the Sixties advancement. assorted motions are emerging from the left and right. The counterculture and societal revolution was distributing. A popular term emerged as the flower peoples. a youth motion characterized strongly by a displacement towards a more liberated society. It includes the oppugning groups created a motion toward release in society. including sexual revolution. inquiring of authorization and authorities. contending for the freedom and rights of the marginalized groups including Negroes. adult females. homophiles. and minorities. The usage of marihuana. heroine. LSD and assorted others drugs and listening to psychedelic music were besides rampant. Janis would non be left behind and took portion in these motions. Joplin’s waywardness continued good into those old ages. Around that clip. she increased her drug usage and took on a repute as a frequent heroine user and a thrill-freak ( Amburn. 1993 ) . She was besides heavy on intoxicant and other alcohols and even engaged in sexual high. In 1965. she was described as skeletal. even emaciated due to the effects of her pep pill usage ( Amburn. 1993 ) . For some clip. she was convinced by her friends to go sober and to forbear from drug usage. An old friend and so director Chet Helms of a group called Big Brother was attracted by Joplin’s bluesy voice. On June 4. 1966. Joplin officially joined the set. Their first public public presentation was in San Francisco at the Avalon Ballroom. Her drug usage was kept at bay with the aid of her friends who she lived within a communal flat ( Friedman. 1992 ) . They signed a trade with Mainstream Records on the 23rd of August of 1966. A twelvemonth after. the set released their introduction album by Columbia Records. Joplin and her set bit by bit gained celebrity after several follow-up public presentations including those in Monterey Pop Festival. visual aspects in telecasting such as The Dick Cavett Show. She received positive reappraisals from assorted magazines labelling her as a powerful vocalist and a astonishing adult female of stone and axial rotation. Finally. she would go forth the Big Brother set and went for a solo calling and would subsequently organize a set called the Kozmic Blues and another group. which she would name her as her ain called the Full Tilt Boogie Band. After interrupting up once more with the set. she recorded several vocals which would be released after her decease and would go the highest-selling album of her calling. It included the best hit individual †Me and Bobby McGee† . a screen of Kris Kristofferson’s who had been her ex-lover. Janis Joplin died on October 4. 1970 at the age of 27 old ages. Legacy Janis Joplin can be considered as the Queen of Rock and Roll in the late sixtiess. She was a music icon which would act upon the music scene in the old ages to come. She was an established female star who had success in a male-dominant music scene. Fans and musical experts likewise would see her vocals as immortal and contiunes to act upon modern twenty-four hours music and creative persons. She besides made parts to the manner industry. The manner she dressed herself had been another avenue for her self-expression. In interview after interviews. she would update the media of her latest manner statement from her apparels. to her hair manners. hair accoutrements. organic structure ornaments. and organic structure accoutrements. She would besides impact the film industry influencing and inspiring film managers. histrions and actresses such as Better Midler particularly in the 1979 movie entitled The Rose which would earn her an academy nomination for her public presentation as Janis Joplin. Other movies were besides produced based on her life including Gospel Harmonizing to Janis. A musical drama was composed in the 1990s. which will so win a congratulations and be lauded together with the outstanding public presentations of the creative persons who would play Janis. She would besides have posthumous awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievment and the initiation to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In the humanistic disciplines. some of her personal artefacts including the Porsche she owned were displayed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Musuem Exhibition which will function as a testimony to the psychedelic epoch dubbed as â€Å"The Summer of Love- Art of the Psychedelic Era† . This made people reminisce to that nostalgic and decidedly not-forgotten epoch of the human history. Truly. Janis Joplin was a mastermind non merely of her clip but her mastermind continues to populate and act upon assorted industried today.

Where to Buy Saltpeter or Potassium Nitrate

Where to Buy Saltpeter or Potassium Nitrate You used to be able to buy potassium nitrate as saltpeter in many garden supply stores. While it is difficult to find saltpeter, you can still purchase potassium nitrate, which is used to make smoke bombs and certain other fireworks. Stores That Sell Potassium Nitrate One of the most common sources of pure potassium nitrate is stump remover. In the United States, you can find it at Lowes or Home Depot, among other places. Look for the Spectracide brand in those stores near the insecticides. Be sure to check the label to make certain potassium nitrate is the first (and preferably only) ingredient. If you cant find potassium nitrate  at a store in your area, you can  order it online at Amazon, plus its a chemical you can make it yourself. Make Potassium Nitrate Even if you cant find potassium nitrate, you can make it. All you need is a cold pack that lists potassium nitrate as an ingredient and salt substitute that lists potassium chloride as the only ingredient. It has to be salt substitute and not lite salt, because the latter also contains sodium chloride. If you use lite salt, youll end up with a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, which might be useful for your purpose, but isnt the same as pure potassium nitrate and will burn yellow rather than purple. You need; 40 grams ammonium nitrate from the cold pack37 grams potassium chloride from the salt substitute100 milliliters water Dissolve the ammonium nitrate in the water.Filter the solution to remove any undissolved matter. You can use a coffee filter or a paper towel.Add the potassium chloride to the liquid and gently heat the mixture to dissolve the salt. Dont boil it.Filter the solution to remove solids.Chill the liquid on ice or in the freezer. The potassium chloride will freeze out as crystals, leaving ammonium chloride in solution.Pour off the liquid and let the crystals dry. This is your potassium nitrate. You could also save the ammonium chloride, too. If you want the ammonium chloride, let the water evaporate and recover the solid material. The reaction exchanges the ions in the compounds: NH4NO3   KCl → KNO3   NH4Cl The products can be separated because they have different solubilities. As you chill the mixture, potassium nitrate readily solidifies. Ammonium chloride is more soluble, so it remains in solution. Even though the solution is on ice or in the freezer, it wont freeze because the particles cause freezing point depression of the water. This is why these chemicals can be used to de-ice roads! Keep in mind, the potassium nitrate you get from the reaction wont be reagent-grade purity. However, it should be pure enough for most chemistry experiments and fireworks projects.

The Role of the United Nations in Conflict Management During the Cold Research Proposal

The Role of the United Nations in Conflict Management During the Cold War Era - Research Proposal Example As the war progressed, it became reorganized and other countries joined resulting in a military that was made up of seventy million personnel who were drawn from different warring countries. Stevenson (2004) noted that this war was referred to as the first deadliest war in history and it resulted in the death of 9 million people. The second major World War to have occurred in the World’s history is the Second World War that took place between the periods of 1939 to 1945, and it involved two opposing alliances namely the Axis and the Allies, which comprised of over thirty different countries. This Second World War ended with the highest number of fatalities who were placed in the range of fifty to eighty-five million people and it was caused by more or less the same factors that also caused the Second World War. McMahon wrote that after the Second World War, there was great tension primarily between the Soviet Union and the United States, which lasted between the periods of 1947 to 1991. This war was characterized by high levels of tension between the two conflicting sides and there was also mutual suspicion among the two enemies. According to Friedman, the United States, and the Soviet Union, which at that time were regarded as the World’s superpowers were engaged in the Cold War mainly because of economic and political difference between the two countries, as the US was pro-democracy while the Soviet Union was pro-communism. This present research study will focus on the Cold War, which is referred to as â€Å"cold† because of the fact that there were no incidences of large-scale fighting. In particular, this research study will seek to investigate the role that the United Nations played in managing the conflict that was associated with the Cold War considering that it was simply formed after the Second World War on 24th October 1945 to foster international co-operation.

Narrative agrument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Narrative agrument - Essay Example Not only was he affected, our entire family unit was disturbed due to the strong mark that was left on him by the bullying activities. Bullying is an act which still persists in the educational institutions across the United States and this problem should be dealt with because of the negative effects associated with it. My brother was a very bright student in his class and he was an active participant in the activities of his class. He was slightly overweight as well as short which made him different from the other students in the class. He was a young child and his physical appearance did not make a difference to him and he concentrated greatly on his studies and thus he did extremely well in his academics. But things took a different turn when he came into the notice of a group of senior students who always looked for an opportunity to bully other students. It all started when we had to move to a different locality and thus we had to change my brother’s school van. The group of bullies travelled in the same van. Things were normal in the beginning but after a few days the bullies had found their new target who was my younger brother. The bullies gave my brother a very difficult time and by the time we found this out, my brother had already suffered a lot. Initially, they just called him with names and would pass derogatory remarks when they saw him. As they were all older than him, he was scared and did not retaliate. The verbal abuse was not limited to the van but they started doing the same during the school breaks. They would follow him around and pass comments on his physical appearance. Seeing that he could not answer back, they started annoying him even more. Following this, they would keep things on his seat so that he could not sit. They also snatched his lunch during the lunch break. One day, when my brother was angry and yelled back at them, the boys gathered and pushed him. This became a regular activity after this. They hit him with differe nt things and they called him with different names. Despite of this torture that my brother was going through, he never informed us regarding these things. The issue came to our notice when things became really worse and my brother had suffered a lot of physical and mental stress. He avoided going to school and did not eat. He told my mother that he did not want to eat as he was fat. Apart from this, his grades also started declining. He stayed quiet and did not talk much. It was then that my parents took him to a doctor and he was diagnosed with anorexia at such an early age. As I was very close to him, I started discussing his issues and he finally told me about what he was going through. We approached the school authorities and kept the matter in front of them. They took a strong notice against the bullies. My brother had to go through a lot and it took him years to recover from the mental torture. He lost weight and he was not interested in studying anymore. Our entire family wa s greatly disturbed because of him. It was with great efforts and care that we were able to bring him back after a period of two years. His sufferings could have been prevented if he had informed us before or if the school authorities had kept a strong check on such activities. Bullying is a widespread problem in the educational institutions in the United States and it has been seen that out of every four students in the schools in the United St

Consequence of Colonialism in Developing Countries

Consequence of Colonialism in Developing Countries Essay Question: With reference to relevant theories and examples, critically analyse the social, political and economic consequences of colonialism on developing countries. Word Count: 2310 words. Introduction One of the most important consequences of the World War II was the emergence of a new process of decolonization, which created a unique moment of opportunity for many developing states to achieve sustainable socio-economic development. In this context, it was widely expected that achievement of formal political independence for the former colonies would enable these states to advance an overall national progress with greater efficiency (Fieldhouse 1999, Krishna 2009, Reynolds 2000). In practice, however, the process of development has been highly uneven, sometimes leading to landmark achievements in some regions (Ricklefs et al. 2010), but more often accompanied with multiple economic problems and socio-ethnic tensions (Fieldhouse 1999, Rodney 1981, Reid 2009). This paper aims to examine complex social, political and economic consequences, which process of colonialism had on developing states. Using a world systems theoretical approach, advanced in works of Wallerstein (1974, 1996), this essay argues that colonialism as a process had far reaching impact on developing states in several ways. Socially, the creation and imposition of new fixed identities and Western principles had reshaped the traditional social institutions of the colonial states, often resulting in growing tensions and conflicts between competing ethnical and religious groups. Politically, although in some cases the inherited from the colonial times had largely benefit newly independent states to enforce development programme at the national level, in most of the cases colonialism had negative consequences, often resulting in vacuum of power, civil disorder or abuse of state institutions by the new national elites. Economically, the trade structures originally designed by metropole empires were largely retained in post-colonial period, often leading to high financial dependence of the new independent states on their former colonial masters. Thus, a thorough examination of social, economic and political consequences of colonialism from a world system approach can explain the existing pattern of underdevelopment, which is common for many developing states. This paper is structured as follows. The introductory section explains the world system approach. The main body analyses the social, economic and political consequences of colonialism process, using the above mentioned theoretical perspective. The concluding section summarizes the main arguments. World Systems Theory: An intellectual background. World system approach (WSA) can be understood as a theoretical sociological perspective, initially articulated by Wallerstein (1974; 1996) and further developed by other thinkers (Fenelon 2016), which aims to explain why patterns of underdevelopment persist in developing states once the states were able to achieve political independence. WSA is founded on the principle that in order to understand a phenomenon of underdevelopment it is necessary to examine wider global economic and political dynamics, rather than focus exclusively on each individual region and state (Wallerstein 1974, Mishra 2013). From this perspective, global history has been deeply affected by the emergence and decline of a specific world systems, which reflect to the existing form of production relations dominant at the global level within given time period   (Hobden and Wyn Jones 2017: 133; Wallerstein 1974).   The global capitalism as a contemporary world system with fixed   structures, member groups, rules of legitimation(Wallerstein 2011:374)   is driven by the principle of persistent capital accumulation (Wallerstein 1983), founded on the existence of a global division of labour (Nau 2014), whereby international system is dominated by powerful core and semi-periphery states, whose stable political and economic structures allow them to systematically exploit less developed periphery states (Hobden and Wynn Jones 2017, Hall 2000, Mishra 2013, Wallerstein 2011). Although powerful core states no longer can exercise control over developing states by an exclusive reliance on milit ary conquest due to global spread of democratic values and principle of self-determination (Reynolds 2000), they are willing to resort instead to a variety of cultural, political and economic mechanisms in order to maintain an overall stability of the capitalist world system (Hall 2000, Hobden and Wynn Jones 2017, Mishra 2013, Wallerstein 1974, Wallerstein 1996). As a result, despite regular occurrences of certain crises and structural inconsistencies, the world system displays extraordinary capacity to expand and reproduce its continual dominance, as long as it is able to guarantee stable surplus extraction and domination of the capital over the working classes (Lee 2011, Wallerstein 1996).Having defined WSA, the next section of the essay will examine social, economic and political consequences of colonialism on developing states. Economic   Consequences of colonialism As noted earlier, the capitalist world system provided powerful core states with an opportunity to exploit less developed periphery countries through systematic through draining off the surplus production, often using raw materials and natural resources of the developing countries for personal capital accumulation at the expense indigenous population (Rodney 1981, Frank 1967, Headlee 2010:15, Wallerstein, 1983). In this context, the most immediate economic repercussion of the colonialism process was the need to radically transform the existing economic structures in order to allow greater national development once the colonizers left (Shillington 1989, Reid, 2009). The problem was compounded by the fact that basic economic and transport infrastructure in newly independent states was in a disastrous condition after decades of the prolonged use by colonizers (Shillington, 1995). As a result, faced with strong electoral pressures and largely inefficient economic structures, national elites in the developing states were in effect forced to open their domestic markets to MNCS in order to finance domestic financial reform programme (Shillington 1995, Rodney 1981, Frank 1967, Fieldhouse 1999).   Despite the fact that in some cases, like Hong Kong and Singapore, such policy was successful in creating sufficient structural conditions for these states to pursue sustainable economic growth (Ricklefs et. al. 2010, Manhubani 2009; Held   et. al. 1999, Mauze and Milne 2002), it is equally important to remember that in most cases it had multiple negative financial consequences, often reinforcing patterns of exploitation and dependence for the developing countries (Reid, 2009, Rodney 1981; Shillington, 1995; Frank, 1967). For instance, once Ghana opened its economy to foreign capital, its key economic sectors were privatized by French and American corporations, making country politically and economically dependent on foreign investors. In this case, although formally independent, countrys national economy, natural resources and commodities are still being exploited by the same powerful core states (Shillington 1995). The same patterns of exploitation affected the majority of former French colonies, where the France still was displayed the ability to have a decisive say on the direction of national economic development through mixture of French currency Union and the growing role of MNCS in newly independent states (McWilliams and Piotrowski 2009, Young 2013, Shillington 1985). According to Frank 1967: 290, such policy also affected South American states, where national economies were heavily dependent on foreign capital, which took over the essential sectors of originally nationalised industry sectors . Furthermore, the former metropole states were able to exploit the national economies of newly independent states through policy of tariff and price imposition, which severely restricted national development opportunities for the periphery countries. Rothermund (2006:259) provides the example of postcolonial India, where the trade relations heavily benefit British firm and producers, often at the expense of weakening the influence of newly established Indian producers. The post-colonial states, which had refused to follow such policy, preferring instead an independent development path, were openly sanctioned, as in case of Vietnam, whose economic growth was restricted due to the sanctions imposed by the US following the Vietnam War (Kwon 2008). Thus, although nominally independent, the majority of post-colonial states were still exploited by powerful core states, which had negative repercussions for the developing countries, including the emergence of political crises, economic ins tability, heavy reliance on foreign capital and fragmentation of national economies, preventing newly independent states from achieving sustainable national development (Reid, 2009, Rothermund 2006, Shillington 1995, Meredith 2005, Frank 1967). Political Consequences of colonialism. If colonialism had important economic consequences on the developing countries, then undoubtedly long-lasting political impact of colonialism process should also be thoroughly examined. However, the repercussions of the colonialism process for the newly independent states had differed depending on the methods of political control exercised by colonial control. For instance, in case of Southeast Asian region, the colonialism had important positive impact on the developing states, since these states had inherited well-established bureaucracy and efficient administrative structures from colonial times. The classic example in this respect is case of Singapore where the governing elites  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   had benefited from powerful state apparatus, efficient administrative machinery and rule of law, which allowed the ruling elites to promote and enforce a comprehensive programme of socio-economic reform, transforming the country from one of the poorest, most underdeveloped and economically unstable nations of the world into the global investment hub (Ricklefs et. al. 2010, Mauzy and Milne 2002). In contrast, the process of colonialism had different consequences on African region. The political control over these states during colonial times was exercised by a reliance on indirect strategies of political co-optation with regional and local powerholders without transforming their bases of powers whose fate depended on that of the crown (Tilly, 1992: 24).   Such political system was seriously discredited after former colonies were able to win their independence. This gave rise to a power vacuum in most African states, whereby new national elites, often with limited political experience, popular support and inefficient political structures, were required to exercise comprehensive administrative control over large territorial boundaries   with local populations often mutually suspicious or antagonistic (Deng 2008:65 as cited in George and Hilal 2013). As a result, it is possible to distinguish different political development dynamics within African states.   For instance, in countries like Egypt, Senegal and Tanzania, a generally peaceful economic transition and political stability was achieved, once charismatic and nationalist leaders were able to pursue a comprehensive programme of socio-economic reform often through a mixture of coercion restriction freedoms of political opponents groups (Reid, 2009; Osman, 2011; Hopwood, 1991; Shillington, 1989). In contrast,   the national elites in countries including Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritrea were unable to achieve sustainable political consensus, as their reform programmes was met by disobedience, fierce resistance and in some cases armed resistance from militant and guerrilla groups with an opposite ideological beliefs (Reid, 2009). In this context, political and social machinery of the state apparatus in generally is widely discredited in Africa, since political elites and existing institutions often are viewed as corrupt, inefficient and distant organizations with little interest i n public affairs (Baker, 2009). Socio-Cultural consequences of colonialism. Having examined political and economic consequences of colonialism, it is now necessary to briefly outline the cultural repercussions of this process. During colonial times, metropole states had largely imposed their principles and traditions through policy of institutionalized racism, systematic violence and social exclusion (Cohen and Kennedy 2013) in order to convince local elites and populations that their own well-being is wrapped up in the survival of the [capitalist] system as such (Wallerstein 1974:404). For instance, Christian beliefs and ideals were imported to the African states to replace customary and tribal religion with an overall belief that only the Christian-Catholic religion is capable of changing native mentality, of giving to our Africans a clear consciousness of their duties, of inspiring in them spirit of loyalty towards colonial masters (Roelens 1930, as cited in Young, 2003: 419). Such policy had severely weakened the prospects of post-colonial unity or coali tion building, as the parties and social movements originally developed in response to imposed identities. For instance, in case of Ghana, the political system was very unstable during first several decades after independence, since main political actors were organized around traditional social divisions and cleavages, imposed by British colonizers during colonial times, viewing their competitors with distrust and hatred (Reid 2009). Likewise, French colonizers had largely ignored fundamental cultural, historical and religious complexities in Algeria, advocating instead a simplified history of countrys development as an ongoing battle between civilized and progressive Berber population against violent, chaotic, radical and uncivilized Arab ethnic groups, which severely restricted the possibility of a comprehensive national unity during the first decades after the achievement of political independence (Brandt 2014, Pfostl   2014). The most vivid example in this regards is the case of Rwanda where the German and Belgian colonizers in an effort to maintain control over countrys political and economic development had created an unequitable power distribution with one ethnic group, Tutsi, enjoying extensive administrative, educational and political privileges by systematically violating the fundamental human rights of other ethnic communities (Melvern 2009, Prunier 1997). Such policy had long lasting impact on Rwandan society, resulting in an intensification of inter-ethnic tensions between competing ethnic communities, which culminated in mass genocide in 1994, when approximately 800, 000 Tutsi civilians were massacred in 100 days (Melvern 2006, Nichols 2008). These examples suggest that principles, stereotypes and identities imposed by colonizers had long-lasting impact on the social dynamics of newly independent society, often resulting in growing ethnic tensions, societal fragmentation and in some cases, organized violence against the members of particul ar ethnic or religious group. Conclusion To conclude, this paper relied on world-systems analysis, articulated by Wallerstein, in order to examine and distinguish several economic, political and socio-cultural consequences of colonialism process on the developing countries. Economically, the colonialism process had resulted in growing dependence and reliance of the developed countries on foreign capital and investment. Politically, although in some cases the inherited from the colonial times had largely benefit newly independent states to enforce development programme at the national level, in most of the cases colonialism had negative consequences, often resulting in vacuum of power, civil disorder or abuse of state institutions by the new national elites. Socially, the creation and imposition of new fixed identities and Western principles had reshaped the traditional social institutions of the colonial states, often resulting in growing tensions and conflicts between competing ethnical and religious groups. The combinatio n of these factors suggests that although formally independent, many developing countries continue to experience problems in the above mentioned areas due to persistence and importance of negative repercussions of the colonialism process. Bibliography. Brand, L. (2014). Official stories: political and national narratives in Egypt and Algeria. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. Baker, B. (2009b). Non-state policing: Expanding the scope for tackling Africas urban violence. [Online]. Security brief, no.7. Africa: African Center for Strategic Studies. Available at http://africacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ASB07EN-Nonstate-Policing-Expanding-the-Scope-for-Tackling-Africas-Urban-Violence.pdf   [Accessed 15 December 2016] Cohen, R. and Kennedy, P. (2013). Global Sociology. Third Edition.   Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Fieldhouse, D. (1999). 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Donglian Yuan Assignment 4 This assignment will give you taste of how I want certain calculations performed and shown on the upcoming exam. I would like you to perform the required steps as done in the PowerPoint or in homework answers. Use function notation as done in Assignment 2. Show all calculations – find z-score (when appropriate) and such, use function notation correctly, with correct mathematical syntax. Round probabilities to four decimal places. The work required to show may require the use of fractions.You have two choices both acceptable. You can either write a step involving a fraction as (20 – 15)/2 or using MathType as [pic]. MathType was mentioned in the module Course Introduction, Course Requirements. There are three problems here. Scenario – I go to an internet site that has a random number generator set to produce random real numbers from a uniform distribution with the user picking the values of the endpoints. I set the random generator to pr oduce numbers in the following interval: 25 < X < 48.If the the distribution is indeed uniform, and the sampling method is unbiased, then figure 1 shows the theoretical mean and standard deviation. 1. I gather a sample of ten from random sampling and I get the following set of numbers. Sample result |25. 02 |34. 58 |28. 29 |38. 75 |34. 95 |33. 16 |30. 95 |40. 23 |38. 99 |37. 69 | | The question that will be posed concerns using my sample average from the ten values I generated, assuming that indeed, (x = 36. 5 with ? x = 6. 64 and the distribution is uniform. a.What is the probability of getting a sample average as low or even lower than the one we got from our sample of ten. [pic] [pic] About 4. 2% of getting a sample average as low or even lower than the one we got from our sample of ten. Grading – Correct answer 70%. Correct notation 20%, required components of problem/neatness 10%. Scenario – I go to an internet site that has a random number generator set to produc e random real numbers from a uniform distribution with the user picking the values of the endpoints.I set the random generator to produce numbers in the following interval: 25 < X < 48. If the the distribution is indeed uniform, and the sampling method is unbiased, then figure 1 shows the theoretical mean and standard deviation. I gather a sample of ten from random sampling and I get the following set of numbers. Sample result |25. 02 |34. 58 |28. 29 |38. 75 |34. 95 |33. 16 |30. 95 |40. 23 |38. 99 |37. 69 | |

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