The Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) - 1307 Words

Give a brief history of the ACA, why did it come to be? The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was created by President Obama back in March 2010 to help reduce healthcare costs and improve healthcare quality for uninsured Americans. The ACA was implemented to reduce the cost that was growing with Medicare and Medicaid because they have increased over the years threatening the entire federal budget (Amadeo, 2017). People who are not working and are unable to cover their healthcare expenses usually end up on Medicaid which is paid for by the government. The others who are over the age of 65 are on Medicare and have their premiums supported by the federal government. However, people who make too much money or who are too young to qualify for either†¦show more content†¦Reforms helped expand access to health insurance coverage become effective. The expansion of health coverage was implemented to help low income families on Medicaid so that they would be able to receive the care they needed. Reyes (2013) mentioned that the expansion of Medicai d is also beneficial for employers because it gives their employees the ready access to health care instead of putting it off which can lead to them having an increase in absenteeism. Modification of the requirements for electronic health care helps to improve the effectiveness and efficiency. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), requires any provider who accepts payment from health plans to have written agreements to make sure the medical facility complies with their rules (Kongstvedt, 2013). In other words, it helps protect the patients by making coverage available to anyone who wants to be covered as long as the eligibility requirements are met. The ACA extended these guarantee availability requirements back in 2014. There are a numerous amounts of tax provisions that will affect individuals. The federal tax code includes increases in taxes, limits to deductions, tax credits, and tax breaks. Tax increases will affect people who earn a high income and tax credits will affect those with low to mid income. The ACA included a subsidy that will help low income individuals purchase health careShow MoreRelatedThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )956 Words   |  4 PagesAbsract++++++++++++++++++++++++++= The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (also known as â€Å"Obamacare†) is an historic piece of legislation that has had massive effect on healthcare in the United States. Its systemic effects on healthcare in this country are numberous, from insurance to ambulatory care, from healthcare related taxes to healthcare resources, and beyond. That said, the following research paper attempts to summarize how this massive piece of legislation has effected healthcare in the UnitedRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )784 Words   |  4 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been a primary debate topic since it was enacted in 2010. The conservatives completely disagree with the Affordable Care Act and believe that â€Å"Democrats used it as an assertion of power than they used it to improve health care conditions† (â€Å"Republican Views on Health Care†, 2014). They believe that the act was a waste of taxpayer’s dollars and would inevitably ruin our health care syste m. In contrast, the liberals supported the ACA and â€Å"pride themselves on the factRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1668 Words   |  7 PagesOn March 23,2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into law. This act aims to provide affordable health care coverage for all United States citizens. â€Å"The Affordable Care Act affirms the core principle that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to their health care.† (President Obama) It will provide insurance to more than thirty million people who have been previously uninsured, and will be achieved by expanding Medicaid and extending federal subsidiesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1349 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into act to help reform healthcare in the United States. Before and after the act was effective, many people were concerned with how it would affect our country as a whole and on an individual basis. Many people say that the ACA is helping our country and others are not so sure. The goal of the act is to give millions of uninsured Americans access to quality health care and by also making it more affordable. Although thereRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as ObamaCare, is a United States law that was signed by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010 and upheld by the Supreme Court on June 28, 2012. This Act was set to reform both healthcare and health insurance industries in the United States. It aims to lower cost on coverage, add new benefits, and a few new taxes. Increasing the quality, availability, and affordability of private and public health insurance are very important roles of the ACA. While tryingRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a health reform law that was signed by President Barrack Obama on March 23, 2010. The full name of the law is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). One week later the President also signed a law called the Health Care Education and Reconciliation Act (HCERA), which was a supplement that made several changes the PPACA. What the country currently refers to as the ACA or Obamacare is both of these laws combined. (McDonough, 2012) Many AmericansRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act (ACA)1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe Affordable Care Act (ACA) will cause a large influx of patients into the health care system. For a variety of reasons, this will change how the front-line health care personnel provide care. Nurses will expand his or her scope and territory of care. Front line providers will change to include more advanced practice nurses because of the national shortage of primary care providers (Department Of Health And Human Services, 2014). No longer will they just practice in brick and mortar hospitalsRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesSince the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) or ‘Obamacare’ in 2010 and its implementation in 2014,there has been a steady decline in the uninsured population of the United States of America. The number of Americans with health insurance, has reached a historic peak. According to recent data from the Census Bureau about he alth insurance coverage, the number of uninsured Americans fell from 33 million the year prior to ACA implementation to 29 million in 2014.The total uninsured rate droppedRead MoreAffordable Care Act ( Aca )1576 Words   |  7 PagesAffordable Care Act (ACA), often known as Obamacare, was signed by President Obama in 2010. The goal of the Act is to increase the number of individuals with health insurance to the point where all Americans are insured by providing quality healthcare at an affordable price. Despite its good intent, the ACA is not as perfect as it may appear. In this paper, I will list the main features of the Act, its pros and cons, and how it affects you as an individual and discuss the King vs. Burwell lawsuitRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )890 Words   |  4 PagesOn March 23, 2010, the Affordable Care Act which is an Obamacare, is the United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) experienced many challenges, debates, and objections until the Supreme Court rendered a final decision on individual mandate healthcare insurance to uphold the health care law on June 28, 2012. The mandate healthcare insurance for workers by employers’ obligation through a regulated marketplace of health maintenance organizations

Leadership Through Followership Examining the Life of Edith Cavell Free Essays

Leadership through Followership: Examining the Life of Edith Cavell During her final hours in the clutches of the German forces during the First World War, Edith Louisa Cavell summarized her life’s work with the famous quote, â€Å"I realize that patriotism is not enough; I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone. † These words capture not only the spirit of who Edith Cavell was and what she stood for; they embody the very essence of what it means to be a nurse. Theorists and scholars alike have stated that the core component of the nursing profession is caring. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Through Followership: Examining the Life of Edith Cavell or any similar topic only for you Order Now To Edith Cavell, caring knew no boundaries, and thus, neither did her nursing expertise. While it is correct to view Edith Cavell and her heroic actions during her life through the lens of leadership, one would be remiss should they choose to ignore the contributions she made to nursing and her country by being an exemplary follower. This essay will briefly explore the life of Edith Cavell and demonstrate how her actions and personal characteristics contributed to her ability to be an effective follower and thus, a visionary leader. Background Edith Louisa Cavell was born on December 4th, 1865, in Swardeston parish in the county of Norfolk in Eastern England. She was raised in a household comprised of strict Anglican beliefs enforced by her father, Reverend Frederick Cavell. It has been written that no books were allowed in the house except for the bible. Her devout religious faith would prove to be the guiding force behind her charity during her life. She began to train as a nurse in 1900 at the age of twenty at the London Hospital. Seven years later, she was recruited to become the matron of Berkendael Medical Institute in Brussels, Belgium. Not impressed with the current state of nursing in Belgium at the time, she sought to improve standards and regulate certain elements of practice by becoming an influential nurse educator. After the eruption of the First World War in 1914, Cavell vacated her again-home of England and returned to Belgium to resume her position as matron of the Berkendael Medical Institute, which had been converted by the Red Cross into a military hospital allowing the treatment of both German and Allied soldiers (Duffy, 2011). Despite Belgium’s declared neutrality, the country was promptly invaded and occupied by strict German forces. Cavell, knowing the inherent dangers of war, retained her post and continued to treat the sick and wounded. Knowing that many British soldiers were now trapped in German-occupied Belgium, her efforts were soon directed at assisting surrounded these British soldier’s in their return to England. Cavell was subsequently responsible for the safe removal of over 200 Allied soldiers from Belgium between 1914 and 1915. She provided shelter in safe houses, as well as false identification papers and guides out of the country. Unfortunately, she came under suspicion by the German military. This was not helped by her outspoken views on the perceived injustice of the German occupation (Tejvan, 2010). Cavell was apprehended by German authorities and eventually succumbed to interrogations. She was charged with treason and sentenced to death. Worldwide condemnation of the verdict (and the fact that she treated German and Allied soldiers indiscriminately) did little to detour the German military’s decision. Wearing a nursing uniform, Edith Cavell was executed by firing squad on the morning of Oct. 2, 1915. Global outrage ensued shortly thereafter. American and British mourners were particularly sensitive towards Cavell’s unjust execution; it ignited anti-German sentiment from both Americans and the British, serving as the catalyst for worldwide press coverage sympathetic towards the United States and Britain’s forthcoming war effort (Fee Roth, 2010, pp. 1865-1866). Followership Behaviour The concepts of leadership and followership are deeply intertwined (Grayson Speckhart). Edith Cavell’s traits as a follower allowed her to be an effective leader. The term follower is open to subjective interpretation, yet one particularly helpful definition is â€Å"[an individual] that follows the teachings and/or opinions of another† (Merriam-Webster, 2011). Grossman and Valiga have further expanded on the word ‘follower’ and have coined the term â€Å"effective follower† (2009, p. 41). In contrast to the above definition, the effective follower â€Å"functions independently, thinks critically about ideas that are proposed or directions that are suggested, and [is] actively involved† (Grossman Valiga, 2009, p. 1). They further suggest that effective followers have six common characteristics also possessed by effective leaders: assertiveness, determination, courage, an ability to act as a change agent, openness to new ideas and willingness to challenge ideas, and a willingness to serve (2009, p. 44). Edith Cavell displayed all of the above traits at one point or another during her lifetime which suggests she was an effective follower, and therefore, an effective leader. Edith Cavell was assertive, determined, and courageous. In defiance of the Red Cross’s code of non-military involvement (2011) as well as German military code of conduct, she continued to smuggle British men out of occupied Belgium despite knowing in full that a sentence of death by court martial was the penalty. Upon capture and interrogation by the German military, she confessed in full to her alleged crimes of treason, a testament to not only her courageous nature but her rigid abidance to her values. She continued to serve her country despite knowing it could possibly end in her demise. On a less dramatic note, she was a proponent of increasing the value placed on not only nurses but women in general. Doing this during a time when women’s issues were considered less important than men’s required ample courage. This is also consistent with the following point. Edith Cavell demonstrated effective followership behaviour (thus effective leadership behaviour) by being open to new ideas, possessing a willingness to challenge ideas, and acting as a change agent (Grossman Valiga, p. 44). Her willingness to challenge ideas was demonstrated by her public protest of the German occupation of Belgium and distain of German treatment of Allied soldiers. She acted as a change agent by inventing ways to smuggle Allied soldiers out of the country. Cavell also demonstrated these three behaviours during her stint as matron for the Berkendael Medical Institute. As described previously, she was unimpressed with what were current nursing standards in Brussels. For example, she instituted the practice of follow-up home visits for patients following discharge (Ryder, 1975). Cavell hypothesized that this would prevent readmissions, which indeed it did. It can also be said that Cavell was a foreword thinker on her views on gender. She was once quoted as saying, â€Å"The old idea that it is a disgrace for women to work is still held in Belgium and women of good birth and education still they think lose [status] by earning their own living†, suggesting that even in the early portion of the 20th century, Edith Cavell believed the notion of women being excluded from the workforce was antiquated. Lastly, Cavell possessed a â€Å"willingness to serve† (Grossman Valiga, 2009, p. 4). Grossman and Valiga suggest that loyalty is one trait commonly held by effective followers (2009, p. 44-45). Cavell was loyal and ‘served’ in two ways. First, she was extremely religious. As mentioned prior, she was raised in a strict Anglican household under the supervision of her pastor father, and thus was loyal to the teachings of Christianity. There exist two key elements inherently rooted in any religion: followership and caring. If one abides by the definition of followership stated prior then individuals practicing a religion, as was Edith Cavell, are followers. One of the core messages common to all biblical scripture, regardless of the chosen religion, is one of caring for other people and creating nurturing environments. Cavell’s selflessness was ultimately spurred on by her unwavering commitment and loyalty to the teachings of her religion. To demonstrate her faith, it has been said that during the two weeks she spent in solitary confinement prior to her execution the only books she requested were the Holy Bible and The Imitation of Christ, a medieval volume of meditations that emphasizes self-abnegation and suffering (Shaddox, 1999, p. ). Second, she had a willingness to serve her country. In addition to being a devout Christian, Cavell was a dedicated patriot. She possessed a love and devotion for Great Britain rivalled by few. This was demonstrated by her loyalty to her fatherland even in the face of formidable danger. It is interesting to note that this sense of patriotism was seemingly abandoned during her final hours of imprisonment by the German military, in which she uttered the famous quote mentioned at the beginning of this essay. Implications for Nursing The life of Edith Cavell impacted the nursing profession in a number of ways. On a superficial level, multiple hospitals and schools have been named in her honour (see Appendix). She was also in influential in the early creation of professional nursing journals. During her stint as matron in Brussels, she was credited with the launch of L’infirmiere, which documented proper nursing standards and practices (Tejvan, 2010). It can be said, however, that her greatest contribution may not have come in life, but in death. While execution by firing squad lays in the extreme, she continues to serve as a symbol to nurses and non-nurse’s alike as to the level of personal sacrifice and emotional dedication many nurses put into the profession every day. This was presumably never her original intention, but through martyrdom Edith Cavell will forever live as an inspiration to all nurses in the annals of nursing history. Conclusion Edith Cavell is an important figure in nursing history. Her ability to lead was preceded by her ability to demonstrate effective followership skills. Her patriotism and devout faith, both of which are rooted in the concept of followership, provided the foundation for many of her life’s endeavours. Ultimately, though, it was her loyalty to her fellow person which proved to be the true motivation behind her actions. Nurses everywhere can proudly use Edith Cavell as a role model for their nursing endeavours, and will hopefully use her story for inspiration to care without borders. 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Banning On Cloning Is Unjust Essay Research free essay sample

Baning On Cloning Is Unjust! Essay, Research Paper On February 24, 1997, the universe was shocked and fascinated by the proclamation of Ian Wilmut and his co-workers. A imperativeness release stated that they had successfully cloned a sheep from a individual cell of an grownup sheep. Since so, cloning has become one of the most controversial and widely discussed subjects. The issue that gets the greatest focal point is human cloning, and at that place has been an onslaught of protests and people buttonholing for a prohibition on it. However, there is a existent danger that prohibitions on cloning will open the door to inappropriate limitations on recognized medical and familial patterns. Therefore, the forbiddance of cloning is unfair. The most popular expostulation to human cloning is the premise that scientific discipline would be playing God if it were to make human ringers. This statement refuses to accept the advantage of biological procedures and to see the alterations of the universe. Religious expostulations were one time raised at the chances of necropsies, anaesthesia, unreal insemination, organ grafts, and other Acts of the Apostless that seemed to be fiddling with Godhead will. Yet tremendous benefits have been gathered by each of these inventions, and they have become a portion of homo? ? s day-to-day life. The issue of playing God has already arisen when a physician selects a patient on a waiting list for graft and leaves others to decease, and when the physician puts their patient under life support whenever they are in coma or they are close decease. The moral issue of cloning is similar to the past issue faced by the society such as atomic energy, recombinant DNA, and the computing machine encoding. There have ever been spiritual and moral expostulations to new engineerings and alterations simply because they are different and unknown to worlds. The populace non merely worries about scientific discipline playing God, but besides fears that the cloned kid? ? s liberty and individualism will be reduced because it will hold the same DNA as another individual. One of the more articulately stated frights about the loss of singularity is a consideration for the rights of the ringer to a alone and unseasoned genotype. Furthermore, the cloned person will be saddled with a genotype that has already lived. He will non be a to the full surprise to the universe, and other people are most likely to compare his public presentations in life with that of his ringer beginning. But the kid who consequences from cloning will non be the same individual as the ringer beginning, even if the two portion many physical features. Its uterine, early childhood, and overall raising environment and experiences will be different. Given the importance for raising in doing a individual who he is, the danger that the individual cloned will miss a alone indiv idualism is extremely notional. When Ian Wilmut and his co-workers announced they had successfully cloned a sheep, president Clinton instantly banned federal financess from being used for human cloning research, saying that, ? ? Any find that touches upon human creative activity is non merely a affair of scientific enquiry, it is a affair of morality and spiritualty every bit good. Each human life is alone, born of a miracle that reaches beyond research lab science. ? ? However, president Clinton has failed to see the benefits of human cloning. Cloning can straight offer a agency of bring arounding diseases or frequently a technique that can widen agencies to geting new informations for the scientific disciplines of embryology. European research workers reported that they had developed a method utilizing cloning engineering that could assist many sterile adult females to hold babes ; they do this by infixing the karyon of one adult female? ? ? ? s egg into another adult female? ? s egg. This would let an older adul t female to hold a babe that is genetically hers, but utilizing the resources of a younger adult female? ? s egg. Human cloning can besides enable twosomes in, which one party has a serious familial disease, to reproduce without conveying the disease to th eir progeny. A babe miss is born free of the cistron that causes Tay-Sachs disease, even though both her parents are bearers. The ground? In the embryologic cell from which she was cloned, the blemished cistron was replaced with normal DNA. Two old ages after Ian Wilmut has announced his find, a group of European scientists reported that they had cloned six calves utilizing a new technique that allowed the animate beings to get down life biologically younger than the elderly cells from which they were derived. Like Dolly, the claves are ringers of the original DNA giver, exact familial transcripts instead than single mixtures of male and female DNA. But the cowss besides differ from the sheep in one subtle but cardinal manner. In Dolly the sheep, scientists found that cloned cells retained the age of the giver. This clip, utilizing cow egg cells, research workers modified donor cells in such a manner that the egg rejuvenated the new cells and gave them traits of vernal cells. Such techniques might finally be used to make durable organic structure parts from a patient? ? s ain cells. This is one of the many ways in which human cloning can be good to mankind. Dr. Richard Seed, one of the taking advocates of human cloning engineering suggests that? ? Cloning can assist change by reversal ageing by learning us how to put our age back to 20. ? ? This is possible because each clip a cell is cloned it is treated as a new cell with the age of nothing. Therefore, cloning will enable human existences to copy their cells and have the new 1s with the age of nothing implanted into them when they are older. This will let worlds to populate to any age they wanted and extinguish the fright of old age. Contrary to scientists? ? outlooks, the birth of Dolly shows that it is possible to reprogram the cell of an grownup so that it begins to develop all over once more. This freshly discovered flexibleness means it may hold the ability to bring forth variety meats or tissues to mend the damaged 1s ; this will turn out an priceless resource, as there are non plenty organs to provide the demand at present. A study has shown that an aged adult male develops macular devolution, a disease that destroys vision. To bolster his neglecting seeing, he receives a graft of healthy retinal tissue cloned from his ain cells and cultivated in a lab dish. Not merely can the cloned cell fix damaged vision, it can besides supply an extract of fresh bone marrow, and transplants of trade name new tegument. Unlike cells from an unrelated giver, these cloned cells will incur no danger of rejection ; patients will be spared the demand to take powerful drugs to stamp down the immune system. By uniting the engin eering behind embryologic root cells and cloning, tegument for burnt victims, encephalon cells for the encephalon damaged and spinal chord cells for quadriplegics and paraplegics can be grown. Besides, conditions such as Alzheimer disease, diabetes, bosom failure, degenerative articulation disease, and other jobs can be made curable as a consequence of human cloning. At this early phase in the development of cloning, it is indispensable to go on the argument about possible utilizations and injuries of cloning, and non hurriedly enact statute law. A true democratic society should non go through Torahs criminalizing something before there is existent or likely grounds of injury. Though cloning research does show some dangers, it besides has many possible benefits and should non be banned merely out of fright of its possible abuses. In such a state of affairs of ongoing argument, Congress should be really slow to curtail the utilizations of cloning, because they are so closely involved with personal determinations about household, reproduction and hardening diseases. A federal condemnable prohibition on human cloning hazards striping sterile twosomes of a potentially legitimate manner of organizing households, threatens established patterns in medical specialty and familial showing. Nothing that is known about human cloning is likely to be used to w arrant such a measure.